Newfoundland and Labrador: The Rock

A Brief History

Thousands of years ago, Indigenous peoples like the Maritime Archaic and the Beothuk were the first inhabitants of Newfoundland and Labrador, leaving behind a rich archaeological record. Around 1000 AD, however, there’s a surprising twist in the story. The Norse, intrepid explorers from Scandinavia, are believed to have landed on the northern tip of Newfoundland, establishing a short-lived settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows. This archaeological site, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the only authenticated Norse settlement in North America. While their stay was brief, it adds a fascinating layer to Newfoundland and Labrador’s history, showcasing the remarkable reach of these early explorers. After the Norse departed, European exploration resumed centuries later, with figures like John Cabot arriving in the late 15th century. This ushered in a period of competition between European nations for resources, particularly the abundant cod fishery, forever shaping the course of Newfoundland and Labrador’s history.

After centuries of independence and wrestling with economic challenges, Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949 following a close referendum. This marked a turning point, bringing the island and mainland Labrador into the Canadian Confederation as the 10th province.

How to get to Newfoundland and Labrador

Marine Atlantic Ferry Services

Marine Atlantic, a reliable ferry service, connects Newfoundland and Labrador to mainland Canada. Their year-round route travels between Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and North Sydney, Nova Scotia, offering a scenic crossing in about 6-8 hours. During the summer months, an additional route operates between Argentia, Newfoundland and North Sydney, providing a longer journey but opening up another beautiful part of the province.

The Rock Recalls You: Adventures in Newfoundland and Labrador

Greetings, wanderlusters! Buckle up for a journey to a place unlike any other – Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada’s easternmost crown jewel. This rugged island paradise (and its mainland chunk, Labrador) isn’t your typical tourist trap. Here, you’ll trade manufactured thrills for the raw beauty of nature, the infectious warmth of the locals, and a deep-rooted culture that stretches back centuries.

Icebergs and Puffins, Oh My!

Newfoundland is famous for its dramatic coastline, and for good reason. Think towering cliffs carved by glaciers, endless stretches of pristine beaches, and, of course, the majestic icebergs. From boat tours that bring you nose-to-nose with these icy giants to kayaking adventures weaving through their bergy bits, these frozen behemoths are an unforgettable sight.

But the wildlife goes far beyond the ice. Keep your eyes peeled for whales breaching in the distance, puffins nesting on rocky cliffs (they’re like nature’s adorable clowns!), and moose casually strolling through the countryside. Just remember, responsible wildlife watching is key!

Hiking Trails and Historical Tales

Newfoundland boasts some of Canada’s most breathtaking hikes. Gros Morne National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers challenging hikes with jaw-dropping panoramas. The East Coast Trail, a 350-km network of trails, allows you to experience the raw beauty of the coast at your own pace.

History buffs will find plenty to explore. From the Viking settlements of L’Anse aux Meadows to the colorful fishing villages that dot the coastline, Newfoundland and Labrador is a living museum. Don’t miss the chance to wander the cobblestone streets of St. John’s, the vibrant capital city, and delve into its rich past.

Fueling Up for Adventure

Speaking of St. John’s, it’s also a haven for foodies. Freshly caught seafood reigns supreme, with dishes like fish and chips, lobster rolls, and the local favorite, cod au gratin, tantalizing your taste buds. Don’t forget to sample the unique Newfoundland cuisine, including Jiggs Dinner (a hearty stew) and toutons (fried dough balls).

Of course, no Newfoundland adventure is complete without indulging in a local brew. The province boasts a thriving craft beer scene, with pubs offering a wide selection of IPAs, stouts, and everything in between.

Beyond the Island: A Labrador Detour

Labrador, the mainland portion, often gets overshadowed by Newfoundland, but it shouldn’t be missed. Here, you’ll find vast stretches of untouched wilderness, perfect for those seeking true solitude. Explore the dramatic fjords of Torngat Mountains National Park, or go on a wildlife safari in search of caribou and polar bears (with proper safety precautions, of course!).

A Few Tips for the Road

Newfoundland and Labrador is a place where nature reigns supreme. Be prepared for unpredictable weather, pack for all seasons, and bring insect repellent (especially if you’re visiting in the summer). While some areas have good internet access, others are delightfully remote, so plan accordingly.

The Call of the Wild Awaits

Newfoundland and Labrador isn’t for everyone. It’s for those who crave adventure, who appreciate the beauty of wide-open spaces, and who are drawn to the warmth of genuine hospitality. So, if you’re looking for a vacation that will stay with you long after you return home, then The Rock is calling your name.

Go Golfing

Golfing in Newfoundland offers a unique twist on the traditional game. With only 18 courses scattered across the province, you’ll encounter scenic challenges unlike anywhere else. Tee off next to the dramatic coastline, surrounded by rugged cliffs and the possibility of spotting icebergs. Or, play a round amidst the rolling hills and vibrant meadows, breathing in the crisp Newfoundland air. While the course selection may be smaller, Newfoundland makes up for it with unforgettable scenery and a true escape-the-ordinary golfing experience.

Where to Stay in Newfoundland

12 Things to Do and See in Newfoundland

Activity	Best Time	Description
See Icebergs	May – July	Witness the awe-inspiring sight of giant icebergs drifting along the coast of Newfoundland. The further north you travel, the longer the iceberg season lasts. Towns like St. Anthony and Bonavista offer boat tours and viewing platforms.
Hike Gros Morne National Park	July – September	Gros Morne National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located on the west coast of Newfoundland, Canada. It’s the second-largest national park in Atlantic Canada, boasting a whopping 1,805 square kilometers (697 square miles) of diverse landscapes. The park’s name translates to “Great Dark Mountain” in French, referencing the imposing mountains that dominate the landscape. Gros Morne is a geological treasure trove, where the Earth’s mantle is thrust upwards, exposing a geological window into our planet’s history. This unique feature is what makes Gros Morne a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here’s a glimpse of what Gros Morne National Park has to offer: Spectacular Fjords: Gros Morne is renowned for its fjords, carved by glaciers thousands of years ago. These long, narrow inlets create dramatic coastlines and offer unique opportunities for exploration. Western Brook Pond: This dramatic fjord is one of the most popular sights in Gros Morne. Explore the fjord’s towering cliffs, cascading waterfalls, and abundant wildlife on a boat tour. The Tablelands: This unique and otherworldly landscape is the result of the Earth’s mantle being pushed up over millions of years. The Tablelands offer a barren yet striking terrain of red rock, sculpted by wind and glacial erosion. Hiking Trails: Trek across the Tablelands and discover fossils, explore deep gorges, and marvel at the panoramic vistas. Long Range Mountains: The Long Range Mountains stretch along the western coast of Newfoundland and form a dramatic backdrop to Gros Morne’s scenery. Gros Morne Mountain: The park’s namesake peak offers challenging hikes with rewarding views. Wildlife: Gros Morne National Park is home to a variety of wildlife, including moose, caribou, foxes, whales, and a variety of bird species. Keep your eyes peeled for these animals as you explore the park. Activities: Hiking: With over 160 kilometers of trails, Gros Morne offers hiking opportunities for all skill levels. Kayaking: Explore the coastlines and fjords from a unique perspective. Boat Tours: Take a boat tour on Western Brook Pond or explore the coastlines. Camping: Immerse yourself in nature and camp under the stars. Wildlife Watching: Keep an eye out for moose, caribou, whales, and birds. Gros Morne National Park is a place of unparalleled beauty and geological significance. With its dramatic fjords, unique Tablelands, and diverse wildlife, the park offers an unforgettable experience for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Experience the Viking Trail	June – September	The Viking Trail, located on the western coast of Newfoundland, Canada, is a captivating road trip route that traces the footsteps of possible Viking settlements. It stretches from the ferry port of Channel-Port aux Basques to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of L’Anse aux Meadows, offering a journey through history, natural wonders, and charming communities. Unveiling Viking History: The star attraction of the Viking Trail is L’Anse aux Meadows. This archaeological site holds the evidence of a Norse settlement dating back to around 1000 AD, making it the only confirmed Viking settlement in North America. Explore reconstructed Viking longhouses, participate in interactive exhibits, and immerse yourself in the fascinating history of Norse exploration. Beyond the Vikings: The Viking Trail isn’t just about Vikings! Here’s a taste of what else awaits you: Spectacular Coastlines:The route winds along dramatic coastlines sculpted by glaciers, with fjords, cliffs, and hidden coves creating breathtaking scenery. Picturesque Fishing Villages: Explore charming fishing villages that dot the coastline, experience the warmth of Newfoundland hospitality, and indulge in fresh seafood. National Parks and Protected Areas:The Viking Trail incorporates Gros Morne National Park (mentioned previously) and other protected areas, offering opportunities for hiking, wildlife watching, and outdoor adventures. Activities for All Interests: The Viking Trail caters to diverse interests: History Buffs: Delve into the rich history of the region, including Indigenous settlements, European exploration, and the unique cultural tapestry of Newfoundland. Nature Lovers: Hike scenic trails, kayak along the coastlines, spot whales and puffins, and immerse yourself in the beauty of the natural world. Adventure Seekers: Go kayaking, boat tours, or wildlife watching expeditions for an adrenaline rush and unique experiences. Culture Enthusiasts: Sample local cuisine, visit craft galleries and museums, and soak up the vibrant culture of Newfoundland. Planning Your Viking Trail Adventure: The Viking Trail is a self-guided driving route best explored during the summer months (June-September) when the weather is pleasant and most attractions are open. The distance from Channel-Port aux Basques to L’Anse aux Meadows is approximately 500 kilometers (310 miles), allowing for a leisurely exploration with stops at various points of interest. Accommodation options range from charming B&Bs in fishing villages to campgrounds within national parks, catering to different budgets and preferences. The Viking Trail offers a unique blend of history, culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. It’s a captivating journey that will transport you back in time, immerse you in stunning landscapes, and leave you with lasting memories.
Whale Watching	May – September	Embark on a thrilling whale watching adventure and witness majestic creatures like humpback whales, minke whales, and dolphins in their natural habitat. Tours are available from various coastal towns.
Explore St. John’s	Year-round	Immerse yourself in the vibrant capital city of St. John’s. Explore Signal Hill National Historic Site for panoramic views, wander the colorful streets of downtown, and indulge in the renowned Newfoundland hospitality.
Kayak the Terra Nova National Park	July – August	Paddle through the dramatic coastline of Terra Nova National Park, encountering towering cliffs, hidden coves, and diverse marine life.
Discover Puffins	May – August	Visit puffin colonies and observe these adorable seabirds during their breeding season. Puffin tours are offered in various locations, particularly in the Witless Bay Ecological Reserve.
Catch a Festival	June – September	Newfoundland bursts with lively festivals throughout the summer. From the Royal St. John’s Regatta (oldest boat race in North America) to the Newfoundland and Labrador Folk Festival, there’s something for everyone.
Explore L’Anse aux Meadows	June – September	Nestled on the tip of Newfoundland’s Great Northern Peninsula lies L’Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a treasure trove of Viking history. A Viking Legacy: L’Anse aux Meadows holds the key to a fascinating historical chapter. Excavations have unearthed evidence of a Norse settlement dating back to approximately 1,000 AD, making it the only authenticated Viking settlement in North America. Imagine stepping onto the very ground where these Norse explorers lived, hunted, and interacted with the land centuries ago. Exploring the Site: Walk in the footsteps of the Vikings as you explore reconstructed Viking longhouses. These structures, built using traditional methods, offer a glimpse into Viking architecture and daily life. Interactive exhibits bring the Viking experience to life. Learn about their navigation techniques, tools, crafts, and their possible reasons for venturing across the Atlantic Ocean. The site also features archaeological displays showcasing artifacts unearthed during excavations, providing tangible evidence of the Viking presence. Beyond the Settlement: L’Anse aux Meadows offers more than just Viking history. The surrounding landscape itself is captivating. The site is situated on a beautiful open plain with a backdrop of rugged cliffs and the vast waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Explore the walking trails that wind through meadows and forests, offering scenic vistas and opportunities to spot local wildlife. A Must-See for History Buffs: L’Anse aux Meadows is a pilgrimage site for history buffs and anyone interested in the Norse exploration of North America. It’s a tangible connection to a bygone era, offering a glimpse into the lives and ingenuity of these early explorers. Tips for Your Visit: L’Anse aux Meadows is open seasonally, typically from late May to mid-October. Be sure to check the website for current opening hours and admission fees. Due to its remote location, planning your visit in advance is recommended, including booking accommodations and transportation. Consider participating in a guided tour led by knowledgeable interpreters who can provide deeper insights into the Viking settlement and the surrounding area. Dress comfortably for walking outdoors, as the weather can be unpredictable. Bring layers, comfortable shoes, and rain gear if necessary. L’Anse aux Meadows is a captivating destination that transcends a simple historical site. It’s a gateway to a bygone era, a place where history comes alive, and a testament to the spirit of exploration that continues to inspire us today.
Go Deep Sea Fishing	Year-round (ice permitting)	Newfoundland boasts some of the world’s best deep-sea fishing. Reel in trophy cod, tuna, or marlin, depending on the season. Many coastal towns offer charters and fishing experiences.
Visit Bonavista	Year-round	Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador, is a town steeped in history and natural beauty located on the Bonavista Peninsula. Here’s a closer look at what this charming town has to offer: Rich History: Bonavista boasts a rich history dating back centuries. Settled by Europeans in the 16th century, it was a vital center for the cod fishing industry that played a major role in the development of Newfoundland. Explore the well-preserved heritage buildings that stand as testaments to the town’s past. The Bonavista Museum delves into the town’s fishing heritage, showcasing artifacts and exhibits that bring the stories of the fishery and the people who depended on it to life. Natural Spectacle: Bonavista isn’t just about history; it’s also a place of stunning natural beauty. The town sits on a peninsula dramatic coastlines sculpted by glaciers, with rocky cliffs, pebble beaches, and the vast Atlantic Ocean as your backdrop. Keep your eyes peeled for whales, icebergs, and seabirds as they frequent the waters around Bonavista. Boat tours are a fantastic way to experience these marine giants up close. Cultural Gems: Bonavista offers a glimpse into Newfoundland’s unique culture. Experience the warmth of local hospitality, listen to traditional music, and savor delicious fresh seafood dishes. Visit craft galleries showcasing the works of local artisans and take home a piece of Newfoundland craftsmanship as a souvenir. Places to Explore: The Ryan Premises National Historic Site:Step back in time and explore the restored buildings that once housed a large salt fish operation, a cornerstone of Newfoundland’s economy. The Bonavista Lighthouse:Climb to the top of this historic lighthouse for breathtaking panoramic views of the town and the surrounding coastline. The Mockbeggar Provincial Historic Site: Learn about the story of Newfoundland’s Confederation through exhibits and the restored Mockbeggar Plantation. A Base for Exploration: Bonavista’s location makes it a perfect base for exploring the Bonavista Peninsula. Day trips can take you to: Trinity, a charming town known for its colorful houses and rich history. Terra Nova National Park, a haven for outdoor enthusiasts with hiking trails, waterfalls, and opportunities to spot moose and caribou. Overall, Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador, offers a captivating blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you’re a history buff, a nature lover, or simply seeking a charming escape, Bonavista has something to offer everyone.
Snowmobile the Long Range Mountains	January – March	Experience a winter wonderland on a snowmobiling adventure through the vast Long Range Mountains. Breathtaking snowy landscapes and thrilling trails await.

Tourist Information

Travel Guides

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Hikes of Western Newfoundland is a full-colour guide to over 60 spectacular trails and trail networks from Port aux Basques to Twillingate (including Gros Morne National Park and the Northern Peninsula).